In 2006, the Ministry of Natura Resources and Environment has compiled the thematic report on the Water quality of the three river basins of Cau, Nhue – Day and Dong Nai river system. These are three basins which are most severely polluted in the whole country, compared to other river basins. Within these three river basins there are two focal economic regions, and these are also the most densely populated areas in the country. The Northern Economic Region comprising a part of Cau and Nhue-Day river basins, and the Southern Economic Region located in Dong Nai river system basin are two regions with rapid economic development, playing a very important role in the general development of the whole country. At the moment, harmonizing between environmental concerns and economic development towards sustainable growth is a hot issue within the three river basins.